Informal Fallacies

Relevance

Argumentum ad Baculum - An appeal to the stick; the arguer uses implicit or explicit violence to enforce their conclusion.

Argumentum ad Misercordiam - An appeal to pity; the arguer supports their conclusion with pity.

Argumentum ad Populum - An appeal to the people; either directly, by invoking a mob mentality, or indirectly, by singling out one person

Argumentum ad Hominem - An argument against the person; the arguer attacks their opponent and not the argument.

Accident - A general rule applied to a specific case, this specific case distorts some aspect.

Straw Man - Setting up a similar argument, defeating that argument, and claiming to have defeated the original argument.

Ignoratio Elenchi - Ignorance of the proof; drawing the wrong conclusion from the evidence given.

Red Herring - Changing the subject, then drawing a conclusion about the original subject.

Weak Induction

Argumentum ad Verecundiam - Appeal to an unqualified authority.

Argumentum ad Ignorantiam - Appeal to ignorance; a definite conclusion about a subject which cannot or has not been proven.

Hasty Generalization - Drawing a broad generalization from a single case.

False Cause - The link between argument and conclusion is largely imagined.

Slippery Slope - An argument based on an unlikely chain reaction.

Weak Analogy - An argument based upon an analogy with no systematic or causal relationship.

Presumption

Petitio Principii - Request for the source; begging the question; an argument with missing evidence.

Complex Question - Combining multiple questions into one, so the one answer can be applied to all the questions.

False Dichotomy - Presenting alternatives as though they are the only options available.

Suppressed Evidence - Ignoring important evidence for the sake of the argument.

Ambiguity

Equivocation - Using a word with multiple meanings and using more than one meaning within the same argument.

Amphiboly - Intentionally misinterpreting an ambiguous statement.

Grammatical Analogy

Composition - Inappropriate aspects of parts of a whole given to the whole.

Division - Inappropriate aspects of a whole given to parts of the whole.

Compiled with the assistance of Patrick J. Hurley's "A Concise Introduction to Logic".